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2024.5.4 21:30:37
Calthrop 勵士第六篇 려사편
THE BOOK OF WAR
THE MILITARY CLASSIC OF THE FAR EAST
TRANSLATED FROM THE CHINESE BY CAPTAIN E. F. CALTHROP, R.F.A. (1908)
VI
ENCOURAGEMENT OF THE TROOPS
And Lord Wen asked and said:—
“If punishment be just and reward impartial, is victory thereby gained?”
And Wu answered and said:—
“I cannot speak of all the things that concern justice and impartiality, but on these alone dependence cannot be placed.
“If the people hear the word of command, or listen to the order with rejoicing; if, when the army be raised, and a multitude assembled, they go forth gladly to the fight; if, in the tumult of the fight, when blade crosses blade, the soldiers gladly die; upon these three things can the lord of the people place his trust.”
And Lord Wen said:—
“How can this be brought about?”
And Wu answered and said:—
“Seek out merit, advance and reward it, and encourage those without fame.”
[Pg 117]
Accordingly Lord Wen set seats in the garden of the palace in three rows, and made a feast unto his chief retainers. In the first row were set those of chief merit, and on the table were placed the best meats and precious utensils. Those of medium merit were set in the middle row, and the utensils on the table were fewer in number. Those without merit were set in the last row, and utensils of no value were put before them. And when the feast was over, and they had all departed, the parents, wives, and children of those with merit were given presents outside the gates of the palace according to their degree.
Further, messengers were sent yearly with gifts to condole with the parents of those who had lost a son in the service of the state, and to show that they were had in remembrance.
And after this was carried out for three years, the people of Chin gathered an army, and came as far as the Western River. And when the soldiers of Wei heard this,[Pg 118]without waiting for orders, they armed themselves and fell upon them; and they that went forth were 10,000 in number.
And Lord Wen called Wu and said:—
“The words that you spoke unto me, have they not indeed been carried out?”
And Wu answered and said:—
“I have heard that there are men, great and small; souls, grand and feeble.
“As a trial, let 50,000 men, without merit, be collected, and placed under my command against the country of Chin. If we fail, the state will be the laughing-stock among the princes, and its power under heaven will be lost. If a desperate robber be hidden in a wide plain, and 1,000 men be pursuing him, their glances will be furtive like the owl, looking backward like the wolf, for they are in fear of harm from a sudden onslaught.
“One desperate man can put fear in the hearts of a thousand. Now, if this host of 50,000 men become as a desperate thief, and are led against Chin, there is nought to fear.”
[Pg 119]
On hearing these words Lord Wen agreed, and adding further 500 chariots and 3,000 horse, the hosts of Chin were overthrown, all being due to the encouragement of the troops.
On the day before the battle Wu gave orders to the forces, saying:—
“The army will attack the enemy’s chariots, horse and foot, in accordance with our commands. If the chariots do not capture the enemy’s chariots, or the horse those of the enemy’s, or the foot the enemy’s footmen, even if their army be overthrown, no merit will be gained.”
Therefore on the day of the battle, the orders were simple, and fear of Wei shook the heavens.
吳子兵法-chn-eng 吳起
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2018.12.26 15:36:15
勵士第六编辑
武侯問曰:「嚴刑明賞,足以勝乎?」起對曰:「嚴明之事,臣不能悉。雖然,非所恃也。夫發號布令而人樂聞,興師動眾而人樂戰,交兵接刃而人樂死。此三者,人主之所恃也。」
武侯曰:「致之奈何?」對曰:「君舉有功而進饗之,無功而勵之。」
於是武侯設坐廟廷,為三行,饗士大夫。上功坐前行,餚席兼重器、上牢;次功坐中行,餚席、器差減;無功坐後行,餚席無重器。饗畢而出,又頒賜有功者父母妻子於廟門外,亦以功為差。有死事之家,歲使使勞賜其父母,著不忘於心。行之三年,秦人興師,臨於西河,魏士聞之,不待吏令,介冑而奮擊之者以萬數。
武侯召吳起而謂曰:「子前日之教行矣。」起對曰:「臣聞人有短長,氣有盛衰。君試發無功者五萬人,臣請率以當之,脫其不勝,取笑於諸侯,失權於天下矣。今使一死賊伏於曠野,千人追之,莫不梟視狼顧,何者?恐其暴起而害己也。是以一人投命,足懼千夫。今臣以五萬之眾而為一死賊,率以討之,固難敵矣。」於是武侯從之,兼車五百乘,騎三千匹,而破秦五十萬眾。此勵士之功也。
先戰一日,吳起令三軍曰:「諸吏士當從受敵。車、騎與徒,若車不得車,騎不得騎,徒不得徒,雖破軍,皆無功。」故戰之日,其令不煩而威震天下。
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