▶ 예언서/선지서 Prophets, The. The books so designated form a distinct and most important part of scripture. Prophecy usually implied a ruined state of things among God's people, calling for His intervention. Some of the prophecies are appeals, reminding the people of what God had done for them, and declaring how willing and ready He was to bless them if they would be faithful to Him; though interwoven with this are constant predictions of that which will be for the blessing of Israel in the future, after they have for the time been set aside. Others strictly allude to events which were then or are still future. As a whole the prophets refer to Israel as an inner circle, or chief platform, on which the dealings of Jehovah were and will be developed, and with which the Messiah is in immediate relation. The nations formed an outer circle, and were regarded more or less according to their relations with the twelve tribes. These nations are sometimes spoken of as being God's instruments by whom He punished His own people, they themselves having afterwards to bear the punishments of God. Beyond and above all, there is God's universal government; in which everything is in result to be made subject to the Messiah, while God's promises are made good to Israel, for all Israel will again be brought into blessing, with Jehovah in their midst surrounded with glory, and the nations will be blessed with them. The Prophetic scriptures naturally fall into three divisions. 1. Those that were given to Israel while still a nation, though divided into two parts, extending to the complete break up of Judah. 2. Those referring to the times of the Gentiles, which began with Nebuchadnezzar, and, continuing beyond the days of the Messiah on earth, are still running on: these are almost entirely given in Daniel. 3. Those given after a portion of Judah had returned from exile, when they were helped by the prophecies of Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, which present the time of the Messiah on earth, and go even beyond to future blessing. To these may be added the prophecies in the Gospels, the Epistles, and the Revelation, embracing the judgements of God upon apostate Christendom and the nations generally; the final overthrow of Satan, and universal blessing, ending with the judgement of the dead and a glorious outlook into the eternal state. It will not be inappropriate here to add a few words as to the relative position, in point of time, of the various O.T. prophetic scriptures. It may be premised that the burden of the prophets Obadiah, Jonah, and Nahum has special reference to Edom and to Nineveh, that is, to peoples that were always hostile to Israel. There is but little whereby to fix precisely the dates of Joel and Habakkuk. Of the remainder, Hosea, Amos, and Isaiah are anterior to the captivity of the ten tribes. The visions of Isaiah, however, have reference to Judah and Jerusalem. It appears probable, whatever may be the reason, that the testimony commonly known as "the prophets" began in the time of Jeroboam 2 king of Israel, Uzziah being his contemporary in Judah. The introduction of prophetic scripture indicated that the ordinary relations of the people with God had broken down, Lo-ammi being prophetically written upon them. Others follow closely, as Micah, who prophesies concerning Samaria and Jerusalem, though no personal reference is made to a king of Israel; and, either before or contemporary with the captivity of Judah, Jeremiah and Zephaniah. The prophets Ezekiel and Daniel speak from the land of Chaldea, when all present hope was over for both Israel and Judah, and the times of the Gentiles had set in. After the return from the captivity we have Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. The testimony of the prophets extended thus over a period of from three to four hundred years. The approximate dates of each of the prophets may be seen in the tables of chronology under KINGS. The Books of Isaiah and Jeremiah are remarkable, the former as being the most comprehensive of the prophecies, taking up almost in order the various moral questions involved in God's dealings with Israel, and giving what may be described as a general prophetic framework; and the latter as bringing out, in a peculiarly touching way, the feelings induced by the Spirit of Christ in regard of God's people when, there being no remedy, the end was come. Two remarks of great importance as regards prophecy may be made: first, that no prophecy carries its own interpretation: each has to be understood in its place and relation to the whole system of prophecy. Secondly, that the scope of all prophecy takes us on to the day of the Lord; the judgement of the nations and of the wicked in Israel; the establishment of the kingdom; and the reunion of Israel and Judah under the Lord their righteousness. This is the great end of God's ways on earth. This recovery and blessing by God of His ancient people, in their Messiah, may be said to be a golden thread running through all the prophets. It was ever before God, and shines out everywhere. It is of the greatest importance, both for the right understanding of these scriptures, and for a true appreciation of what Christianity is, to see that the church has no place in the prophets. In the church there is neither Jew nor Gentile, and the prophets recognise both, while carefully maintaining the distinction between them. Prophecy treats of the earth and of the government of God and its issue: the Christian belongs to heaven, and he will reign with Christ in the kingdom. In the A.V. of the O.T. the headings of many of the chapters are misleading: the church often spoken of in them is never found in the text; Christ is there, and the manifestation of God; and the scriptures which develop His ways, and speak of the sufferings and the glories of the One to whom the Christian is united, are of deep interest to him, though he himself may not be immediately spoken of. Some Christians, though they know and enjoy certain portions of prophecy., without seeing its reference strictly to the remnant of Israel, fail to study the prophets. Not a few deem the study to be unprofitable — the subject is too mysterious, they say, and commentators differ so widely in their interpretation! One great hindrance to the understanding of the prophets is that they are not allowed to mean what they say. To allow Israel to signify Israel in its punishment, its restoration, and its future earthly glory, at once clears away a mass of difficulties. Many sayings of the Lord and other parts of scripture cannot be understood unless a true outline of prophecy be grasped; and if this be understood, none of the moral teaching and consolation as to the unchangeable nature and ways of God will be lost. The twelve prophets that follow the Book of Daniel are often called THE MINOR PROPHETS, simply because they are shorter than the others, and not as being in any respect inferior. The following are some prophetic events that await fulfilment:- 1. The rapture of the saints, when the dead in Christ will be raised, the living changed, and death swallowed up in victory. 1 Cor. 15:51, 52; 1 Thess. 4:16, 17. (고전15:51, 52; 51 보라 내가 너희에게 비밀을 말하노니 우리가 다 잠잘 것이 아니요 마지막 나팔에 순식간에 홀연히 다 변화하리니 52 나팔 소리가 나매 죽은 자들이 썩지 아니할 것으로 다시 살고 우리도 변화하리라 (살전04:16, 17. 16 주께서 호령과 천사장의 소리와 하나님의 나팔로 친히 하늘로 좇아 강림하시리니 그리스도 안에서 죽은 자들이 먼저 일어나고 17 그 후에 우리 살아 남은 자도 저희와 함께 구름 속으로 끌어 올려 공중에서 주를 영접하게 하시리니 그리하여 우리가 항상 주와 함께 있으리라 2. The return of a portion of the Jews to Palestine, who in unbelief will rebuild the temple, and re-establish their ordinances. Isa. 17:10, 11; Isa. 66:1-3; Rev. 11:1, 2. (사17:10, 11; 10 이는 네가 자기의 구원의 하나님을 잊어버리며 자기의 능력의 반석을 마음에 두지 않은 까닭이라 그러므로 네가 기뻐하는 식물을 심으며 이방의 가지도 이종하고 11 네가 심는 날에 울타리로 두르고 아침에 너의 씨로 잘 발육하도록 하였으나 근심과 심한 슬픔의 날에 농작물이 없어지리라 (사66:1-3; 1 여호와께서 이같이 말씀하시되 하늘은 나의 보좌요 땅은 나의 발등상이니 너희가 나를 위하여 무슨 집을 지을꼬 나의 안식할 처소가 어디랴 2 나 여호와가 말하노라 나의 손이 이 모든 것을 지어서 다 이루었느니라 무릇 마음이 가난하고 심령에 통회하며 나의 말을 인하여 떠는 자 그 사람은 내가 권고하려니와 3 소를 잡아 드리는 것은 살인함과 다름이 없고 어린 양으로 제사드리는 것은 개의 목을 꺾음과 다름이 없으며 드리는 예물은 돼지의 피와 다름이 없고 분향하는 것은 우상을 찬송함과 다름이 없이 하는 그들은 자기의 길을 택하며 그들의 마음은 가증한 것을 기뻐한즉 (계11:1, 2. 1 또 저가 수정 같이 맑은 생명수의 강을 내게 보이니 하나님과 및 어린 양의 보좌로부터 나서 길 가운데로 흐르더라 강 좌우에 생명 나무가 있어 열 두가지 실과를 맺히되 달마다 그 실과를 맺히고 그 나무 잎사귀들은 만국을 소성하기 위하여 있더라 3. The resuscitation of the Roman empire, ten of the western powers being more or less under one head. It will at first exercise a protectorate over the Jewish nation. Isa. 28:14-18; Dan. 2:40-43; Dan. 7:7, 8; Dan. 9:27; Rev. 17:7, 8, 10-13. (사28:14-18; 14 이러므로 예루살렘에 있는 이 백성을 치리하는 너희 경만한 자여 여호와의 말씀을 들을지어다 15 너희 말이 우리는 사망과 언약하였고 음부와 맹약하였은즉 넘치는 재앙이 유행할지라도 우리에게 미치지 못하리니 우리는 거짓으로 우리 피난처를 삼았고 허위 아래 우리를 숨겼음이라 하는도다 16 그러므로 주 여호와께서 가라사대 보라 내가 한 돌을 시온에 두어 기초를 삼았노니 곧 시험한 돌이요 귀하고 견고한 기초 돌이라 그것을 믿는 자는 급절하게 되지 아니하리로다 17 나는 공평으로 줄을 삼고 의로 추를 삼으니 우박이 거짓의 피난처를 소탕하며 물이 그 숨는 곳에 넘칠 것인즉 18 너희의 사망으로 더불어 세운 언약이 폐하며 음부로 더불어 맺은 맹약이 서지 못하여 넘치는 재앙이 유행할 때에 너희가 그것에게 밟힘을 당할 것이라 (단02:40-43; 40 네째 나라는 강하기가 철 같으리니 철은 모든 물건을 부숴뜨리고 이기는 것이라 철이 모든 것을 부수는 것같이 그 나라가 뭇나라를 부숴뜨리고 빻을 것이며 41 왕께서 그 발과 발가락이 얼마는 토기장이의 진흙이요 얼마는 철인 것을 보셨은즉 그 나라가 나누일 것이며 왕께서 철과 진흙이 섞인 것을 보셨은즉 그 나라가 철의 든든함이 있을 것이나 42 그 발가락이 얼마는 철이요 얼마는 진흙인즉 그 나라가 얼마는 든든하고 얼마는 부숴질 만할 것이며 43 왕께서 철과 진흙이 섞인 것을 보셨은즉 그들이 다른 인종과 서로 섞일 것이나 피차에 합하지 아니함이 철과 진흙이 합하지 않음과 같으리이다 (단07:7, 8; 7 내가 밤 이상 가운데 그 다음에 본 네째 짐승은 무섭고 놀라우며 또 극히 강하며 또 큰 철 이가 있어서 먹고 부숴뜨리고 그 나머지를 발로 밟았으며 이 짐승은 전의 모든 짐승과 다르고 또 열 뿔이 있으므로 8 내가 그 뿔을 유심히 보는 중 다른 작은 뿔이 그 사이에서 나더니 먼저 뿔 중에 셋이 그 앞에 뿌리까지 뽑혔으며 이 작은 뿔에는 사람의 눈 같은 눈이 있고 또 입이 있어 큰 말을 하였느니라 (단09:27; 그가 장차 많은 사람으로 더불어 한 이레 동안의 언약을 굳게 정하겠고 그가 그 이레의 절반에 제사와 예물을 금지할 것이며 또 잔포하여 미운 물건이 날개를 의지하여 설 것이며 또 이미 정한 종말까지 진노가 황폐케 하는 자에게 쏟아지리라 하였느니라 (계17:7, 8, 10-13. 7 천사가 가로되 왜 기이히 여기느냐 내가 여자와 그의 탄바 일곱 머리와 열 뿔 가진 짐승의 비밀을 네게 이르리라 8 네가 본 짐승은 전에 있었다가 시방 없으나 장차 무저갱으로부터 올라와 멸망으로 들어갈 자니 땅에 거하는 자들로서 창세 이후로 생명책에 녹명되지 못한 자들이 이전에 있었다가 시방 없으나 장차 나올 짐승을 보고 기이히 여기리라, 10 또 일곱 왕이라 다섯은 망하였고 하나는 있고 다른 이는 아직 이르지 아니하였으나 이르면 반드시 잠간 동안 계속하리라 11 전에 있었다가 시방 없어진 짐승은 여덟째 왕이니 일곱 중에 속한 자라 저가 멸망으로 들어가리라 12 네가 보던 열 뿔은 열 왕이니 아직 나라를 얻지 못하였으나 다만 짐승으로 더불어 임금처럼 권세를 일시 동안 받으리라 13 저희가 한 뜻을 가지고 자기의 능력과 권세를 짐승에게 주더라 4. The apostasy and the revelation of the man of sin. 2 Thess. 2:3-12. (살후02:3-12 멸망의 아들 5. The full development of the Romish ecclesiastical system, which at first as a harlot dominates the empire, but afterwards is destroyed by the ten kings. 2 Tim. 3:1-9; 2 Tim. 4:3, 4; 2 Peter 2:1-3; Jude 3, 4, 11; Rev. 17:1-6, 16. (딤후03:1-9; 마지막 때의 가르침 (딤후4:3, 4; 3 때가 이르리니 사람이 바른 교훈을 받지 아니하며 귀가 가려워서 자기의 사욕을 좇을 스승을 많이 두고 4 또 그 귀를 진리에서 돌이켜 허탄한 이야기를 좇으리라 (벧후02:1-3; 1 그러나 민간에 또한 거짓 선지자들이 일어났었나니 이와 같이 너희 중에도 거짓 선생들이 있으리라 저희는 멸망케 할 이단을 가만히 끌어들여 자기들을 사신 주를 부인하고 임박한 멸망을 스스로 취하는 자들이라 2 여럿이 저희 호색하는 것을 좇으리니 이로 인하여 진리의 도가 훼방을 받을 것이요 3 저희가 탐심을 인하여 지은 말을 가지고 너희로 이를 삼으니 저희 심판은 옛적부터 지체하지 아니하며 저희 멸망은 자지 아니하느니라 (유01:3, 4, 11; 3 사랑하는 자들아 내가 우리의 일반으로 얻은 구원을 들어 너희에게 편지하려는 뜻이 간절하던 차에 성도에게 단번에 주신 믿음의 도를 위하여 힘써 싸우라는 편지로 너희를 권하여야 할 필요를 느꼈노니 4 이는 가만히 들어온 사람 몇이 있음이라 저희는 옛적부터 이 판결을 받기로 미리 기록된 자니 경건치 아니하여 우리 하나님의 은혜를 도리어 색욕거리로 바꾸고 홀로 하나이신 주재 곧 우리 주 예수 그리스도를 부인하는 자니라 11 화 있을진저 이 사람들이여, 가인의 길에 행하였으며 삯을 위하여 발람의 어그러진 길로 몰려 갔으며 고라의 패역을 좇아 멸망을 받았도다 (계17:1-6, 16. 큰 음녀에게 내릴 심판 6. The casting out of the devil and his angels from heaven, when Satan will energise the beast (head of the Roman empire) and the false prophet (Antichrist): they will persecute the pious Jews, will abolish the worship of Jehovah at Jerusalem, and enforce idolatry and the worship of the image of the beast everywhere. Thus there will be formed a trinity of evil. Dan. 7:19-25; Dan. 9:27; Dan. 11:36-39; 2 Thess. 2:4; Rev. 13:1-18. (단07:19-25; 다니엘 꿈 네짐승의 해석 (단09:27; 27 그가 장차 많은 사람으로 더불어 한 이레 동안의 언약을 굳게 정하겠고 그가 그 이레의 절반에 제사와 예물을 금지할 것이며 또 잔포하여 미운 물건이 날개를 의지하여 설 것이며 또 이미 정한 종말까지 진노가 황폐케 하는 자에게 쏟아지리라 하였느니라 (단11:36-39; 36 이 왕이 자기 뜻대로 행하며 스스로 높여 모든 신보다 크다 하며 비상한 말로 신들의 신을 대적하며 형통하기를 분노하심이 쉴 때까지 하리니 이는 그 작정된 일이 반드시 이룰 것임이니라 37 그가 모든 것보다 스스로 크다 하고 그 열조의 신들과 여자의 사모하는 것을 돌아보지 아니하며 아무 신이든지 돌아보지 아니할 것이나 38 그 대신에 세력의 신을 공경할 것이요 또 그 열조가 알지 못하던 신에게 금 은 보석과 보물을 드려 공경할 것이며 39 그는 이방 신을 힘입어 크게 견고한 산성들을 취할 것이요 무릇 그를 안다 하는 자에게는 영광을 더하여 여러 백성을 다스리게도 하며 그에게서 뇌물을 받고 땅을 나눠 주기도 하리라 (살후02:4; 저는 대적하는 자라 범사에 일컫는 하나님이나 숭배함을 받는 자 위에 뛰어나 자존하여 하나님 성전에 앉아 자기를 보여 하나님이라 하느니라 (계13:1-18. 짐승 두 마리 7. The appearing of the Lord with the heavenly saints to judge His enemies, and to deliver His earthly people. Dan. 2:34, 35, 44, 45; Matt. 24:30; 1 Thess. 4:14; 2 Thess. 1:7-10; Rev. 19:11-21. (단02:34, 35, 44, 45; 34 또 왕이 보신즉 사람의 손으로 하지 아니하고 뜨인 돌이 신상의 철과 진흙의 발을 쳐서 부숴뜨리매 35 때에 철과 진흙과 놋과 은과 금이 다 부숴져 여름 타작마당의 겨같이 되어 바람에 불려 간곳이 없었고 우상을 친 돌은 태산을 이루어 온 세계에 가득하였었나이다, 44 이 열왕의 때에 하늘의 하나님이 한 나라를 세우시리니 이것은 영원히 망하지도 아니할 것이요 그 국권이 다른 백성에게로 돌아가지도 아니할 것이요 도리어 이 모든 나라를 쳐서 멸하고 영원히 설 것이라 45 왕이 사람의 손으로 아니하고 산에서 뜨인 돌이 철과 놋과 진흙과 은과 금을 부숴뜨린 것을 보신 것은 크신 하나님이 장래 일을 왕께 알게 하신 것이라 이 꿈이 참되고 이 해석이 확실하니이다 (마24:30; 그 때에 인자의 징조가 하늘에서 보이겠고 그 때에 땅의 모든 족속들이 통곡하며 그들이 인자가 구름을 타고 능력과 큰 영광으로 오는 것을 보리라 (살전04:14; 우리가 예수의 죽었다가 다시 사심을 믿을진대 이와 같이 예수 안에서 자는 자들도 하나님이 저와 함께 데리고 오시리라 (살후01:7-10; 7 환난 받는 너희에게는 우리와 함께 안식으로 갚으시는 것이 하나님의 공의시니 주 예수께서 저의 능력의 천사들과 함께 하늘로부터 불꽃 중에 나타나실 때에 8 하나님을 모르는 자들과 우리 주 예수의 복음을 복종치 않는 자들에게 형벌을 주시리니 9 이런 자들이 주의 얼굴과 그의 힘의 영광을 떠나 영원한 멸망의 형벌을 받으리로다 10 그 날에 강림하사 그의 성도들에게서 영광을 얻으시고 모든 믿는 자에게서 기이히 여김을 얻으시리라 (우리의 증거가 너희에게 믿어졌음이라) (계19:11-21. 백마를 탄 자 8. The gathering of the ten tribes after the coming of the Lord so that all Israel will be reunited in the land, under the sceptre of the Lord, He being the Antitype of David. They will be attacked in their land by Gog (Russia) who will be utterly destroyed. Isa. 11:11-14; Ezek. 36, Ezek. 38, Ezek. 39; Dan. 12:2, 3; Rom. 11:26, 27. (사11:11-14; 11 그 날에 주께서 다시 손을 펴사 그 남은 백성을 앗수르와 애굽과 바드로스와 구스와 엘람과 시날과 하맛과 바다 섬들에서 돌아오게 하실 것이라 12 여호와께서 열방을 향하여 기호를 세우시고 이스라엘의 쫓긴 자를 모으시며 땅 사방에서 유다의 이산한 자를 모으시리니 13 에브라임의 투기는 없어지고 유다를 괴롭게 하던 자는 끊어지며 에브라임은 유다를 투기하지 아니하며 유다는 에브라임을 괴롭게 하지 아니할 것이요 14 그들이 서으로 블레셋 사람의 어깨에 날아 앉고 함께 동방 백성을 노략하며 에돔과 모압에 손을 대며 암몬 자손을 자기에게 복종시키리라 (겔36:, 이스라엘이 받을 복, 정결케하심 (겔38:, 하나님의 도구 곡과 심판 (겔39:; 침략자 곡의 멸망과 이스라엘의 회복 (단12:2, 3; 2 땅의 티끌 가운데서 자는 자 중에 많이 깨어 영생을 얻는 자도 있겠고 수욕을 받아서 무궁히 부끄러움을 입을 자도 있을 것이며 3 지혜 있는 자는 궁창의 빛과 같이 빛날 것이요 많은 사람을 옳은 데로 돌아오게 한 자는 별과 같이 영원토록 비취리라 (롬11:26, 27. 26 그리하여 온 이스라엘이 구원을 얻으리라 기록된바 구원자가 시온에서 오사 야곱에게서 경건치 않은 것을 돌이키시겠고 27 내가 저희 죄를 없이 할 때에 저희에게 이루어질 내 언약이 이것이라 함과 같으니라 9. The binding of Satan; the creation will be delivered from the bondage of corruption, and Christ will reign over the earth a thousand years in peace, being Antitype of Solomon. Ps. 72:8, 17; Isa. 2:4; Isa. 11:6-9; Isa. 25:6-8; Hab. 2:14; Zech. 14:9; Rom. 8:21, 22; Rev. 20:1-6. (시072:8, 17; 8 저가 바다에서부터 바다까지와 강에서부터 땅 끝까지 다스리리니 17 그 이름이 영구함이여 그 이름이 해와 같이 장구하리로다 사람들이 그로 인하여 복을 받으리니 열방이 다 그를 복되다 하리로다 (사02:4; 그가 열방 사이에 판단하시며 많은 백성을 판결하시리니 무리가 그 칼을 쳐서 보습을 만들고 그 창을 쳐서 낫을 만들 것이며 이 나라와 저 나라가 다시는 칼을 들고 서로 치지 아니하며 다시는 전쟁을 연습지 아니하리라 (사11:6-9; 6 그 때에 이리가 어린 양과 함께 거하며 표범이 어린 염소와 함께 누우며 송아지와 어린 사자와 살찐 짐승이 함께 있어 어린 아이에게 끌리며 7 암소와 곰이 함께 먹으며 그것들의 새끼가 함께 엎드리며 사자가 소처럼 풀을 먹을 것이며 8 젖먹는 아이가 독사의 구멍에서 장난하며 젖뗀 어린 아이가 독사의 굴에 손을 넣을 것이라 9 나의 거룩한 산 모든 곳에서 해됨도 없고 상함도 없을 것이니 이는 물이 바다를 덮음 같이 여호와를 아는 지식이 세상에 충만할 것임이니라 (사25:6-8; 6 만군의 여호와께서 이 산에서 만민을 위하여 기름진 것과 오래 저장하였던 포도주로 연회를 베푸시리니 곧 골수가 가득한 기름진 것과 오래 저장하였던 맑은 포도주로 하실 것이며 7 또 이 산에서 모든 민족의 그 가리워진 면박과 열방의 그 덮인 휘장을 제하시며 8 사망을 영원히 멸하실 것이라 주 여호와께서 모든 얼굴에서 눈물을 씻기시며 그 백성의 수치를 온 천하에서 제하시리라 여호와께서 이같이 말씀하셨느니라 (합02:14; 대저 물이 바다를 덮음 같이 여호와의 영광을 인정하는 것이 세상에 가득하리라 (슥14:9; 여호와께서 천하의 왕이 되시리니 그 날에는 여호와께서 홀로 하나이실 것이요 그 이름이 홀로 하나이실 것이며 (롬08:21, 22; 21 그 바라는 것은 피조물도 썩어짐의 종노릇 한데서 해방되어 하나님의 자녀들의 영광의 자유에 이르는 것이니라 22 피조물이 다 이제까지 함께 탄식하며 함께 고통하는 것을 우리가 아나니 (계20:1-6. 사단의 결박에 대한 예언 10. The loosing of Satan for a short time, who will again deceive the nations: they will attack the saints on earth and Jerusalem; but the enemy will be destroyed by fire, and Satan be cast into the lake of fire. Rev. 20:7-10. The eternal state will ensue. (계20:7-10 7 천년이 차매 사단이 그 옥에서 놓여 8 나와서 땅의 사방 백성 곧 곡과 마곡을 미혹하고 모아 싸움을 붙이리니 그 수가 바다 모래 같으리라 9 저희가 지면에 널리 퍼져 성도들의 진과 사랑하시는 성을 두르매 하늘에서 불이 내려와 저희를 소멸하고 10 또 저희를 미혹하는 마귀가 불과 유황 못에 던지우니 거기는 그 짐승과 거짓 선지자도 있어 세세토록 밤낮 괴로움을 받으리라 --- Morrish Bible Dictionary

▶ 신명기 Deuteronomy, Book of. (신: The name signifies 'The Second Law,' but this does not properly describe it, as the ten commandments and Jehovah's name and His covenant made in Horeb are the basis of its instructions. Neither does 'Repetition of the Law' give the right thought, because some parts of this book were not given before. It rehearses God's covenant relationship with Israel under new circumstances: they had come to the border of the promised land, and were just about to enter into its possession, not on the ground of faithfulness to the law, but according to the covenant made with the fathers: Deut. 9:4, 5. Some things are added which could have had no application in the wilderness, even referring to their having a king. The style of the book is different from those preceding it: a vast typical system is portrayed in the three preceding books, while in this the Spirit of God is occupied with the actual circumstances connected with their possession of the land of promise. Nearly all of Deuteronomy is what Moses rehearsed in the hearing of the people. Thus, "Moses began to declare this law." Deut. 1:5. He called all Israel, and said unto them, "Hear, O Israel, the statutes and judgements." Deut. 5:1. The book may be otherwise divided into three parts, thus: Deut. 1 - 11: Moses rehearses the way the Lord had led them, the covenant with them, at Horeb, their disobedience, the resumption of God's relationship with them on the ground of Moses' mediation, and putting the law in the ark. Deut. 12 - 29: various commandments are given with the results of obedience and disobedience fully stated. Deut. 30 — end: things to come, the song of Moses, and his blessing the tribes. The fact is stated that from Horeb by the way of Mount Seir, unto Kadesh-barnea on the south border of the land, was only an eleven days' journey, yet it had occupied them, going backwards and forwards, nearly forty years. Moses then reminded them of the burden and strife which fell on him consequent on their being so great a people, and of the system of government that had been appointed among them; also that it was themselves who were the instigators of sending the spies to search out the land. This appears to clash with Num. 13:1, 2, which says "The Lord spake unto Moses, saying, Send thou men that they may search the land of Canaan." The two passages show that the people proposed it; Moses consented (it pleased him well, he says here); and God commanded it. God's first message was, "Go up and possess it;" but the people hesitated, and said they would send the spies. Deut. 1:21-23. Their rebellion and their wanderings were the result. (신01: Deuteronomy 2, 3: (신02: (신03: Moses continues their history after the many days of their wilderness wanderings. They had been told not to meddle with the Edomites — the descendants of Isaac through Esau; nor with the Moabites and Ammonites, for they were the descendants of Lot. Sihon the Amorite had been subdued. This was after they had travelled round to the east of the Dead Sea. Deut. 2:10-12 and Deut. 2:20-23 should be read as parentheses: they are valuable historical notes. Og king of Bashan had been conquered and his cities taken, a pledge of the full victory which the Lord would give over the nations of Canaan. The two tribes and a half had had their portion assigned on the east of the Jordan. Moses should see the land, but was not to go over the Jordan, and Joshua was to be his successor. Deuteronomy 4: (신04: Moses calls them to hearken to the commands he had given them, that they might live and go in and possess the land. The people must take heed unto themselves, that they make no similitude of Jehovah who had spoken to them, and so corrupt themselves. Deuteronomy 5, 6: (신05: (신06: The covenant at Horeb is rehearsed with exhortations to obedience, and the great truth pressed upon them of which they were the witnesses: "Jehovah our God is one Jehovah," to whom every affection should flow. Deuteronomy 7, 8: (신07: (신08: The people are warned against making any covenant with the people of the land; for they themselves were a holy people. God had chosen them for a special people above all upon the face of the earth. They are reminded of all God's goodness to them that they might not forget Him. He had humbled them and proved them, to do them good in their latter end. Deuteronomy 9 - 11: (신09: (신10: (신11: Moses declares that God was not going to bring them into the land on account of their own righteousness or uprightness of heart; but because He would fulfil His promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Moses plainly tells them "Ye have been rebellious against the Lord from the day that I knew you;" and he rehearses their failings, and God's goodness, and His securing His covenant in the ark. Deuteronomy 12, 13: (신12: (신13: The idolatrous altars and groves found in the land were to be destroyed. There was but one place to which all the sacrifices were to be brought, where Jehovah would put His name, and there onlywere the consecrated things to be eaten. They were not to inquire after the heathen gods, lest they should be ensnared thereby. Strong delusion is guarded against — if a prophet's sign came to pass, it might be to prove them. They must not follow such a one into idolatry, nor were they to spare the nearest relative who would lead them away from worshipping Jehovah their God. Deuteronomy 14 - 19: (신14: (신15: (신16: (신17: (신18: (신19: Many of the laws which were given in the former part of the Pentateuch are rehearsed. If they would have a king, he must be the one whom God would choose, and the king's duties are detailed. Deuteronomy 20: (신20: Instructions as to going to battle; what cities were to be spared, and what people were to be utterly destroyed. Deuteronomy 21 - 25: (신21: (신22: (신23: (신24: (신25: Divers commandments are rehearsed before the people. Deuteronomy 26: (신26: When they were brought into the land, and one came to worship, he was to confess "A Syrian ready to perish was my father." Then the goodness of God was to be confessed in the redemption from Egypt, and bringing into the promised land, and they were to rejoice in every good thing God had given them. Then grace should flow out to the fatherless and the widows. Obedience should follow, and all defilement be avoided. Blessing should be asked for all Israel. Deuteronomy 27: (신27: The law was to be written on great stones, and set up on mount Ebal, where also an altar of whole stones was to be reared for both burnt offerings and peace offerings. Here, too, certain tribes were to stand to pronounce the curses which follow. Other tribes were to stand on mount Gerizim to bless. The blessings however are omitted, as in fact the people were under the curse, being under the law, as the apostle shows in the epistle to the Galatians when dealing with the principle of law. Deuteronomy 28: (신28: The people being under the government of God, the consequences of obedience or disobedience are presented in blessings or cursings, the latter being realised in the subsequent history of the people. Deuteronomy 29, 30: (신29: (신30: The solemn fact is stated that, spite of all the signs and miracles they had seen, yet the Lord had not given eyes to see, nor ears to hear, nor a heart to understand: compare John 3:2, 3. They all on that day stood before the Lord their God, and He made the covenant with them. Deut. 30:15 expresses it in few words — it was "life and good, death and evil." The secret purpose of God is referred to, and when all was ruined under law, the principle of righteousness by faith is introduced. (요03:2-3 2 그가 밤에 예수께 와서 가로되 랍비여 우리가 당신은 하나님께로서 오신 선생인 줄 아나이다 하나님이 함께 하시지 아니하시면 당신의 행하시는 이 표적을 아무라도 할 수 없음이니이다 3 예수께서 대답하여 가라사대 진실로 진실로 네게 이르노니 사람이 거듭나지 아니하면 하나님나라를 볼 수 없느니라 Deuteronomy 31, 32: (신31: (신32: The law was to be read to the people every seven years. To Joshua the 'charge' was committed to bring the people into the land. Moses taught the people a song. It is partly prophetic, for their future is foretold. God would provoke them to jealousy by the Gentiles, as in Rom. 10:19; but would finally bless them. Moses longed to go over Jordan and see the land; but it was forbidden him because he had transgressed. (Dispensationally Moses represents the law and that could not bring them into the promised land.) (롬10:19 그러나 내가 말하노니 이스라엘이 알지 못하였느뇨 먼저 모세가 이르되 내가 백성 아닌 자로써 너희를 시기나게 하며 미련한 백성으로써 너희를 노엽게 하리라 하였고 Deuteronomy 33: (신33: Moses blesses the twelve tribes. When Jacob blessed them in Gen. 49it was rather their prophetic history in the then future; here it is more their relationship with God in His government over them for blessing, when they will sit down at His feet and hear His words. Simeon is omitted; his portion was in the extreme south-west, near the desert; we read very little of this tribe, as if they were lost in the land. The number twelve was made up by the two sons of Joseph; however, we find that Simeon is among the twelve tribes sealed in Rev. 7: and in the future division of the land. Ezek. 48:25. (계07:01-17 인침받은 십사만 사천명 (겔48:25 시므온 지계 다음으로 동편에서 서편까지는 잇사갈의 분깃이요 Deuteronomy 34: (신34: The death of Moses is related and that God buried him in an unknown place, so his tomb could not be worshipped as a holy spot. There arose not a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses, whom the Lord knew face to face. The Book of Deuteronomy is in a word characterised by exhortations to obedience by a people brought into God's land. It is often quoted in the N.T. and the Lord three times quoted from it when tempted of the devil. It is cited as written by Moses. Rom. 10:19; 1 Cor. 9:9. The scripture thus fully refutes those who seek to attribute it to some unknown writer of a later date. Of course the last chapter is an exception: it may have been added by Joshua. (롬10:19 그러나 내가 말하노니 이스라엘이 알지 못하였느뇨 먼저 모세가 이르되 내가 백성 아닌 자로써 너희를 시기나게 하며 미련한 백성으로써 너희를 노엽게 하리라 하였고 (고전09:9 모세 율법에 곡식을 밟아 떠는 소에게 망을 씌우지 말라 기록하였으니 하나님께서 어찌 소들을 위하여 염려하심이냐 --- Morrish Bible Dictionary .

▶ 다니엘서 Daniel, Book of. This book holds a peculiar place among the prophecies: its subject is the "Times of the Gentiles." It is not an appeal to Israelites, but is mostly taken up with prophecies concerning the Gentile powers. The times of Gentile domination had begun by Nebuchadnezzar taking Jerusalem and being called king of kings, to whom God had given a kingdom, and made him ruler over all the children of men. God's personal dealings with this monarch are recorded and the kingdoms that would follow are revealed. The book divides itself into two portions: the first six chapters give Daniel's intercourse with the great monarchs; and the latter six chapters the visions and revelations made to Daniel himself. For the personal history of the prophet see DANIEL. The prophetical aspect of the first division begins with Nebuchadnezzar's dream. (단01:) Daniel 2: (단02:) Under the figure of the Great Image are described the four Gentile empires that were to succeed each other, further particulars of which were afterwards revealed to Daniel. It is plainly manifested that these empires would depreciate. The first is compared to gold, the second to silver, the third to brass, and the fourth to iron and clay which would not mingle together. It is noteworthy that, notwithstanding this declaration, the great effort of many in modern days is to endeavour to unite the iron and clay, and others strive to make the clay (the mass of the people) the ruling power. The fourth empire will be resuscitated, for the Lord Jesus at His first coming did not set up His kingdom — He was rejected; but during the future renewal of the Roman empire God will set up a kingdom that shall subdue all others. The 'stone' is Christ who will break in pieces all that oppose, and will reign supreme. This prophecy presents the moral deterioration of Gentile power, until it is supplanted by the kingdom of God. Daniel 3: (단03:) It is here uniformity of religion, established by the king, not by God — the principle of Church and State. Nebuchadnezzar commanded all to worship the image he had set up; but three faithful ones refused to obey, and were thrown into the fiery furnace. The king had to learn that the God of the Jews was the Most High God, who was able to set him and all his powers at defiance. The king acknowledged God's power and sent a proclamation to that effect throughout his kingdom; though his subsequent history proves that he was not humbled. In the last days the faithful Jews will be in the furnace of tribulation for not complying with the Imperial religion. They will be delivered, and God will be glorified by the nations: cf. Rev. 13.(계13:) Thus is seen that the firstcharacteristic of Gentile supremacy is idolatry. Daniel 4: (단04:) The dream and the interpretation shows that Nebuchadnezzar himself was the great tree to be cut down, and the prophet exhorted him to renounce his sins and reform his ways, and peradventure the judgement might be postponed. But his pride was not subdued, for at the end of the year he boasted of the great city which he had built by the might of his power and for the honour of his majesty; but not a word about God. He was driven among the cattle for seven years. It is a solemn thing to have to do with the living God; but God had mercy on the king, his reason returned, and the kingdom was restored to him. Now he could say, "I Nebuchadnezzar praise and extol and honour the King of heaven, all whose works are truth, and his ways judgement: and those that walk in pride he is able to abase." He had learned God's lesson, and we hear of him no more. In the last days the Gentile rulers, after having used their power as 'beasts,' will acknowledge God as the source of all authority, and be brought into blessing in connection with Israel. The second characteristic which marked Gentile rule is that, refusing to own God, it descends to the level of a beast. Daniel 5: (단05:) About twenty-five years later Belshazzar was reigning at Babylon. The monuments have revealed that he was son of Nabonadius, or Labynetus, and was reigning with his father. Nabonadius was defending the kingdom outside in the open country, and though defeated was not slain; his son was besieged inside, and was slain that night while holding a festival to the gods. This accounts for Belshazzar promising that Daniel should be the third ruler in the kingdom. Thus the monuments have now cleared away that which with respect to this king had seemed to make scripture and the historians discordant, for previously the name of Belshazzar had not been discovered. Daniel faithfully reminded Belshazzar of how God had dealt with his father (or rather his grandfather) Nebuchadnezzar for his pride; adding that though the king knew all this he had lifted up himself against the God of heaven, and had desecrated the vessels of God's house by drinking wine in them to his gods, and foretells his destruction. Type of the judgement on the Gentile world at the coming of Christ: cf. Rev. 18: (계18:) The third characteristic of imperial power is, that it is infidel and profane. Daniel 6: (단06:) Darius the Mede had to learn the power of God, his own weakness, and the faithfulness of Daniel the servant of God. Daniel was saved from the lions, and the God of Daniel was proclaimed throughout the empire as the living God. Typically, Darius represents the last Gentile emperor, who will be worshipped; Daniel, the godly Jews who will be saved from the very jaws of destruction; his opposers, the future infidel accusers of God's people. The fourthcharacteristic is self-exaltation. Daniel 7: (단07:) This begins the second part of the book. It gives the character of the Gentile kings, already noted in chapter 4, as before God, and their conduct towards those who acknowledge God. The four empires prophesied of in Dan. 2 are here further described under the figure of 'great beasts.' The lion is Chaldean; the bear, Medo-Persian; the leopard, Grecian (or Macedonian); and the fourth, which was like no living animal, Roman, distinguished as having ten horns (ten kings), Dan 7:24. Out of the last arises a little horn, a power which persecutes the saints for 3-1/2 years; but which is judged by the Ancient of Days, and the saints of the Most High, or rather of the high places, eventually take the kingdom. This power is doubtless the future Roman prince in the West, who will combine with Satan and the Antichrist, as in Rev. 13. (계13:) Daniel 8: (단08:) The second and the third of the four empires are again prophesied of. Out of the third kingdom, the Grecian, after it was divided into four, arose a little horn, which magnified itself; and then follows the ceasing of the daily sacrifice at Jerusalem, 'the pleasant land;' but in Dan. 8:11 and part of verse 12 there is a change from 'it' to 'he;' and in Dan. 8:17 and Dan. 8:19 'the time of the end' is spoken of. Therefore, though the little horn refers to Antiochus Epiphanes (and though he caused the worship at Jerusalem to cease) a later and still future period is evidently referred to, and another king of Syria, who will stand against the Prince of princes, and shall be broken without hand. Dan. 8:25. Dan. 8:23-25 are distinctly future: 'in the latter time.'* * In reference to the 2300 days of Dan. 8:14, see under 'Antiochus' B.C. 175 ANTIOCHUS IV., Epiphanes (third paragraph) Daniel 9: (단09:) Daniel was a student of prophecy, and learned from Jeremiah that the desolations of Jerusalem were to last 70 years. These were almost accomplished, and Daniel confessed his sins and the sins of his people; he prayed for forgiveness, and for the sanctuary which was lying desolate; he begged God to hearken and do, to defer not for His own sake, because the city and the people were called by His name. While he was yet speaking Gabriel was sent with a communication, which embraced not only the rebuilding of Jerusalem in the days of Ezra and Nehemiah, but the coming of the Messiah, and the action of a prince (head of the Roman power) in the last of the seventy weeks. See SEVENTY WEEKS. Daniel 10: (단10:) Daniel mourned three full weeks. This was in the third year of Cyrus: in the first year Cyrus had proclaimed that God had charged him to rebuild the temple. Ezra 1:1. Some were elated at the small restoration in Ezra 1 - 3, but Daniel was still before God about His people, the previous chapter having revealed that 70 weeks (of years) would have to run on before blessing; Messiah would be rejected, etc. He did not go back to Jerusalem, but continued to mourn for God's people and sought to understand the prophecies. One was sent to comfort Daniel, and he revealed the fact that unseen evil powers had delayed his coming the entire three weeks. The messenger said, "I am come to make thee understand what shall befall thy people in the latter days: for yet the vision is for many days . . . . now will I return to fight with the prince of Persia: and when I am gone forth, lo, the prince of Grecia shall come." Dan. 10:14, 20. This introduces Dan. 11 and 12 (Dan. 10, 11, and 12: being one). God's answer is a revelation extending from the days of Daniel to the final blessing of God's people. The city and sanctuary are in view in Dan. 9, here the people. Daniel 11: (단11:) Dan. 11:1-35 are a history of the contests between the king of the north (Syria) and the king of the south (Egypt) — branches of the Grecian empire — often in the land of Palestine which lay between them. The prophecies are so definite that some critics have said they must have been written after the events. The correspondence of history with the particulars given in this chapter will be found under ANTIOCHUS. Dan. 11:21 to 35 refer to Antiochus Epiphanes, type of the king of the north, or Assyrian of the last days: cf. also Dan. 8. Dan. 11:36-45. The Spirit here, as elsewhere, passes from the type to the fulfilment at the end of the days, leaping over the present interval. Dan. 11:36-39 are a parenthesis and refer to Antichrist as a king: he will be a Jew and not regard 'the God of his fathers,' nor the Messiah as 'the desire of women,' nor regard any known god; but will set himself up above all. Yet apparently he will honour the god of war (for which nations are getting ready). Dan. 11:40-45. This is the final contest between a king of the North and a king of the South. The king of the North (elsewhere spoken of as 'the Assyrian,' antitype of Epiphanes) succeeds and passes into 'the glorious land,' and is generally victorious (but not against Edom and Moab, and the children of Ammon: these are judged later by the instrumentality of Israel. Isa. 11:14). Like Sennacherib's host of old, he will be smitten by the hand of God. Daniel 12: (단12:) This is the deliverance and blessing of the Jewish remnant. Michael, their champion in the heavenlies, stands up for them. There is to be a time of great trouble such as never was: cf. Jer. 30:7; Matt. 24. Many of Israel that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake: some to millennial blessing, and some to judgement. This is not the resurrection of the dead, but a national rising of all Israel from among the Gentiles, like the rising from the valley of dry bones in Ezek. 37: a remnant only will enter the kingdom. Daniel was told to seal up the book to the time of the end: cf. Rev. 22:10. He heard one ask, "How long shall it be to the end of these wonders?" The reply is "a time, times, and a half " — 3-1/2 years, the last half-week of Daniel's 70 weeks. Two other periods are given: 1290 days from the time of the daily sacrifice being taken away: this is 30days beyond the 3-1/2 years. Then blessed is he that waiteth and cometh to the 1335 days — full blessing. Daniel was told to go: he should stand in his lot at the end of the days. Much of this remarkable prophecy stands alone, though it has many links that fit exactly with other prophecies. A general knowledge of prophecy wonderfully helps the understanding of any part of it, in this or in any other book. It is important to remember that Daniel's prophecy embraces the 'times of the Gentiles' — running on from the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar to the restoration of the Jews when ruled over by the Son of David. The present governments or states of Europe may be said to be the representatives of Gentile supremacy, but through the depreciation of the Roman empire by the mixture of the iron and clay. The Church and the Gospel have no place in Daniel. The book is not all written in Hebrew: from Dan. 2:4 to end of Dan. 7. — namely, what concerns the Gentiles — is written in what is there called Syriac, or Aramaic — usually called Chaldee, the Gentiles' tongue. --- Morrish Bible Dictionary