Isaiah Chapter 36 Matthew Henry Commentary Concise
( 2 Kings 18:17-37 )

Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible (Complete) 에서

The prophet Isaiah is, in this and the three following chapters, an historian; for the scripture history, as well as the scripture prophecy, is given by inspiration of God, and was dictated to holy men. Many of the prophecies of the foregoing chapters had their accomplishment in Sennacherib’s invading Judah and besieging Jerusalem, and the miraculous defeat he met with there; and therefore the story of this is here inserted, both for the explication and for the confirmation of the prophecy. The key of prophecy is to be found in history; and here, that we might have the readier entrance, it is, as it were, hung at the door. The exact fulfilling of this prophecy might serve to confirm the faith of God’s people in the other prophecies, the accomplishment of which was at a greater distance. Whether this story was taken from the book of the Kings and added here, or whether it was first written by Isaiah here and hence taken into the book of Kings, is not material. But the story is the same almost verbatim; and it was so memorable an event that it was well worthy to be twice recorded, 2 Ki. 18 and 19, and here, and an abridgment of it likewise, 2 Chr. 32. We shall be but short in our observations upon this story here, having largely explained it there. In this chapter we have, I. The descent which the king of Assyria made upon Judah, and his success against all the defenced cities (v. 1). II. The conference he desired to have with Hezekiah, and the managers on both sides (v. 2, 3). III. Rabshakeh’s railing blasphemous speech, with which he designed to frighten Hezekiah into a submission, and persuade him to surrender at discretion (v. 4–10). IV. His appeal to the people, and his attempt to persuade them to desert Hezekiah, and so force him to surrender (v. 11–20). V. The report of this made to Hezekiah by his agents (v. 21, 22).

Verses 1-10 We shall here only observe some practical lessons. 1. A people may be in the way of their duty and yet meet with trouble and distress. Hezekiah was reforming, and his people were in some measure reformed; and yet their country is at that time invaded and a great part of it laid waste. Perhaps they began to grow remiss and cool in the work of reformation, were doing it by halves, and ready to sit down short of a thorough reformation; and then God visited them with this judgment, to put life into them and that good cause. We must not wonder if, when we are doing well, God sends afflictions to quicken us to do better, to do our best, and to press forward towards perfection. 2. That we must never be secure of the continuance of our peace in this world, nor think our mountain stands so strong that it cannot be moved. Hezekiah was not only a pious king, but prudent, both in his administration at home and in his treaties abroad. His affairs were in a good posture, and he seemed particularly to be upon good terms with the king of Assyria, for he had lately made his peace with him by a rich present (2 Ki. 18:14), and yet that perfidious prince pours an army into his country all of a sudden and lays it waste. It is good for us therefore always to keep up an expectation of trouble, that, when it comes, it may be no surprise to us, and then it will be the less a terror. 3. God sometimes permits the enemies of his people, even those that are most impious and treacherous, to prevail far against them. The king of Assyria took all, or most, of the defenced cities of Judah, and then the country would of course be an easy prey to him. Wickedness may prosper awhile, but cannot prosper always. 4. Proud men love to talk big, to boast of what they are, and have, and have done, nay and of what they will do, to insult over others, and set all mankind at defiance, though thereby they render themselves ridiculous to all wise men and obnoxious to the wrath of that God who resists the proud. But thus they think to make themselves feared, though they make themselves hated, and to carry their point by great swelling words of vanity, Jude 16. 5. The enemies of God’s people endeavour to conquer them by frightening them, especially by frightening them from their confidence in God. Thus Rabshakeh here, with noise and banter, runs down Hezekiah as utterly unable to cope with his master, or in the least to make head against him. It concerns us therefore, that we may keep our ground against the enemies of our souls, to keep up our spirits by keeping up our hope in God. 6. It is acknowledged, on all hands, that those who forsake God’s service forfeit his protection. If that had been true which Rabshakeh alleged, that Hezekiah had thrown down God’s altars, he might justly infer that he could not with any assurance trust in him for succour and relief, v. 7, We may say thus to presuming sinners, who say that they trust in the Lord and in his mercy. Is not this he whose commandments they have lived in the contempt of, whose name they have dishonoured, and whose ordinances they have slighted? How then can they expect to find favour with him? 7. It is an easy thing, and very common, for those that persecute the church and people of God to pretend a commission from him for so doing. Rabshakeh could say, Have I now come up without the Lord? when really he had come up against the Lord, ch. 37:28. Those that kill the servants of the Lord think they do him service and say, Let the Lord be glorified. But, sooner or later, they will be made to know their error to their cost, to their confusion.

Verses 11-22 We may hence learn these lessons:—1. That, while princes and counsellors have public matters under debate, it is not fair to appeal to the people. It was a reasonable motion which Hezekiah’s plenipotentiaries made, that this parley should be held in a language which the people did not understand (v. 11), because reasons of state are secret things and ought to be kept secret, the vulgar being incompetent judges of them. It is therefore an unfair practice, and not doing as men would be done by, to incense subjects against their rulers by base insinuations. 2. Proud and haughty scorners, the fairer they are spoken to, commonly speak the fouler. Nothing could be said more mildly and respectfully than that which Hezekiah’s agents said to Rabshakeh. Besides that the thing itself was just which they desired, they called themselves his servants, they petitioned for it: Speak, we pray thee; but this made him the more spiteful and imperious. To give rough answers to those who give us soft answers is one way of rendering evil for good; and those are wicked indeed, and it is to be feared incurable, with whom that which usually turns away wrath does but make bad worse. 3. When Satan would tempt men from trusting in God, and cleaving to him, he does so by insinuating that in yielding to him they may better their condition; but it is a false suggestion, and grossly absurd, and therefore to be rejected with the utmost abhorrence. When the world and the flesh say to us, "Make an agreement with us and come out to us, submit to our dominion and come into our interests, and you shall eat every one of his own vine,’’ they do but deceive us, promising liberty when they would lead us into the basest captivity and slavery. One might as well take Rabshakeh’s word as theirs for kind usage and fair quarter; therefore, when they speak fair, believe them not. Let them say what they will, there is no land like the land of promise, the holy land. 4. Nothing can be more absurd in itself, nor a greater affront to the true and living God, than to compare him with the gods of the heathen; as if he could do no more for the protection of his worshippers than they can for the protection of theirs, and as if the God of Israel could as easily be mastered as the gods of Hamath and Arphad, whereas they are vanity and a lie. They are nothing; he is the great I AM: they are the creatures of men’s fancy and the works of men’s hands; he is the Creator of all things. 5. Presumptuous sinners are ready to think that, because they have been too hard for their fellow-creatures, they are therefore a match for their Creator. This and the other nation they have subdued, and therefore the Lord himself shall not deliver Jerusalem out of their hand. But, though the potsherds may strive with the potsherds of the earth, let them not strive with the potter. 6. It is sometimes prudent not to answer a fool according to his folly. Hezekiah’s command was, "Answer him not; it will but provoke him to rail and blaspheme yet more and more; leave it to God to stop his mouth, for you cannot.’’ They had reason enough on their side, but it would be hard to speak it to such an unreasonable adversary without a mixture of passion; and, if they should fall a railing like him, Rabshakeh would be much too hard for them at that weapon. 7. It becomes the people of God to lay to heart the dishonour done to God by the blasphemies of wicked men, though they do not think it prudent to reply to those blasphemies. Though they answered him not a word, yet they rent their clothes, in a holy zeal for the glory of God’s name and a holy indignation at the contempt put upon it. They tore their garments when they heard blasphemy, as taking no pleasure in their own ornaments when God’s honour suffered.

 

사 36:11 이에 엘리아김과 셉나와 요아가 랍사게에게 이르되 우리가 아람방언을 아오니 청컨대 그 방언으로 당신의 종들에게 말 씀하고 성위에 있는 백성의 듣는 데서 유다 방언으로 말하지 마소서 

사 36:12 랍사게가 가로되 내 주께서 이 일을 네 주와 네게만 말하라고 나를 보내신 것이냐 너희와 함께 자기의 대변을 먹으며 자기의 소 변을 마실 성 위에 앉은 사람들에게도 하라고 보내신 것이 아니 냐 

  사36:13 랍사게의 회유 연설

사 36:13 이에 랍사게가 일어서서 유다 방언으로 크게 외쳐 가로되 너희는 대왕 앗수르 왕의 말씀을 들으라 

사 36:14 왕의 말씀에 너희는 히스기야에게 미혹되지 말라 그가 능히 너희를 건지지 못할 것이니라 

사 36:15 히스기야가 너희로 여호와를 의뢰하게 하려는 것을 받지 말라 그가 말하기를 여호와께서 반드시 우리를 건지시리니 이 성이 앗수르 왕의 손에 붙임이 되지 아니하리라 할지라도 

사 36:16 히스기야를 청종치 말라 앗수르 왕이 또 말씀하시기를 너희는 내게 항복하고 내게로 나아오라 그리하면 너희가 각각 자기의 포도와 자기의 무화과를 먹을 것이며 각각 자기의 우물 물을 마실 것이요 

사 36:17 내가 와서 너희를 너희 본토와 같이 곡식과 포도주와 떡과 포도원이 있는 땅에 옮기기까지 하리라 

사 36:18 혹시 히스기야가 너희에게 이르기를 여호와께서 우리를 건지시리라 할지라도 꾀임을 받지 말라 열국의 신들 중에 그 땅을 앗수르왕의 손에서 건진 자가 있느냐 

사 36:19 하맛과 아르밧의 신들이 어디 있느냐 스발와임의 신들이 어디 있느냐 그들이 사마리아를 내 손에서 건졌느냐 

사 36:20 이 열방의 신들 중에 어떤 신이 그 나라를 내 손에서 건져내었기에 여호와가 능히 예루살렘을 내 손에서 건지겠느냐 하셨느니라 

사 36:21 그러나 그들이 잠잠하여 한 말도 대답지 아니하였으니 이는 왕이 그들에게 명하여 대답지 말라 하였음이었더라 

사 36:22 때에 힐기야의 아들 궁내대신 엘리아김과 서기관 셉나와 아삽의 아들 사관 요아가 그 옷을 찢고 히스기야에게 나아가서 랍사게의말을 고하니라